Overview:
This project addresses the challenges faced by individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in operating traditional motorised wheelchairs. Due to the loss of fine motor control caused by MS, many existing systems, such as joysticks, are difficult or unsafe to use. By splitting each desired output to a discrete form of input it allows for much less intensive control with only 1 axis of control to think about for each output.

Key Features:

• Dual-Control System:

  • Speed & Direction (Forward/Backward): Controlled via a rotary push-wheel (with potentiometer).

  • Turning (Left/Right): Achieved using IR sensors that track head movement via an IR LED worn on the ear.

• Emergency Stop: Integrated push button under the wheel halts all motor activity immediately.

• Microcontroller: System powered by an Arduino Uno, handling sensor data and motor control.

Innovation & Benefits:

• Designed for users with reduced motor function—requires simple, low-precision movements.

• Inexpensive and non-intrusive alternative to commercial systems.

• Operates reliably in diverse lighting environments due to modulated IR signals.

Development Process:

• Market Research: Compared existing systems (sip-and-puff, smart joysticks, eye tracking, etc.), identifying a gap for intuitive, low-cost solutions.

• CAD Modelling & Simulation: Used TinkerCAD and FEA to test component durability.

  

• Testing: Validated sensor accuracy, motor control, and emergency functions successfully.

Outcome:
The final prototype demonstrated that a low-cost, user-friendly, and non-invasive control system can be developed for individuals with limited fine motor skills. The design met all core functional requirements and presented opportunities for future refinement, such as integrating time-of-flight sensors to eliminate the need for wearable components.